Patellofemoral syndrome is a condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap
(patella). It is often triggered by increased abnormal forces on the knee joint or prolonged repetitive compression on the patellofemoral joint. This condition commonly affects individuals engaged in activities such as running, cycling, basketball, and other sports, which leads to discomfort during physical activities, climbing stairs, or transitioning from sitting to standing.
Treatment for patellofemoral syndrome typically involves a combination of therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating symptoms and addressing underlying biomechanical issues. These may include:
Exercise therapy: strengthening exercises targeting the quadriceps muscles, such as squats and knee extensions, can help improve patellar tracking and stability. Additionally, stretching exercises for the hip, hamstring, and calf muscles may be incorporated to address muscle imbalances and improve flexibility.
Rest and activity modification: rest is recommended to allow the knee joint to recover from excessive strain. Individuals may need to modify their activities, opting for lower-impact exercises, to reduce stress on the knee joint during the healing process.
Taping: taping techniques can be used to stabilize the kneecap and correct its position, thereby reducing pain and promoting proper alignment.
Orthotic devices: custom-made orthotics can help with poor lower extremity biomechanics and provide support to the foot and ankle. This may also decrease stress on the knees and improve patellofemoral joint function.
In addition to these interventions, physiotherapy can include modalities such as ice or heat therapy, manual therapy techniques, and education on proper biomechanics and injury prevention strategies.
The overall goal of treatment for patellofemoral syndrome is to reduce pain, improve function and enhance the individual’s ability to participate in daily activities and sports. A comprehensive approach tailored to the specific needs and goals of the patient is essential for optimal outcomes.
References
1. Bump JM, Lewis L. Patellofemoral Syndrome. [Updated 2023 Feb 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557657/
2. Willy, R. W., Hoglund, L. T., Barton, C. J., Bolgla, L. A., Scalzitti, D. A., Logerstedt, D. S., Lynch, A. D., Snyder-Mackler, L., & McDonough, C. M. (2019). Patellofemoral Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 49(9), CPG1–CPG95. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2019.0302
3. Winters, M., Holden, S., Lura, C. B., Welton, N. J., Caldwell, D. M., Vicenzino, B. T., Weir, A., & Rathleff, M. S. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of treatments for patellofemoral pain: a living systematic review with network meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(7), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102819